Can Breastfeeding Protect Babies Against RSV?
According to CDC Director Mandy Cohen, RSV cases peaked in December 2023, but the virus is still circulating. While most RSV infections in babies are mild — with cold-like symptoms that resolve in a week or two — some infants, especially those born prematurely or with chronic health conditions, may develop severe illness such as RSV bronchiolitis or pneumonia.
With the ongoing shortage of RSV shots for infants, many parents are searching for safe ways to protect their babies. Statistics show that for every 100 infants under six months, one or two may require hospitalization for RSV. While breastfeeding is not a replacement for the RSV vaccine, research suggests it can provide immune protection and reduce the risk of severe outcomes.
How Breastfeeding May Help Protect Against RSV
Recent studies show that exclusive breastfeeding for at least two to four months can lower the risk of hospitalization due to RSV. Ideally, continuing breastfeeding for six months provides the most protection.
“Breastfeeding is protective against RSV and other viruses because human milk contains components that strengthen babies’ immune systems,” says Jessica Madden, MD, FAAP, IBCLC, a breastfeeding medicine and infant feeding specialist. “These include antibodies, white blood cells, lactoferrin, antioxidants, and vitamins.”
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for six months to maximize immune defense. Even partial breastfeeding (combining breast milk with formula) has been shown to lower the severity of RSV infections in infants.
What the Research Shows
A 2022 systematic review in Pediatrics found:
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Exclusive breastfeeding for 4+ months had the strongest protective effect against RSV hospitalization.
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Partial breastfeeding reduced RSV severity, length of hospital stay, and oxygen needs.
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Infants breastfed for less than two months — or not at all — were more likely to require hospitalization.
Some research also suggests breastfeeding supports lung development and may protect against long-term airway damage caused by severe RSV infections in babies.
Feeding a Baby with RSV: Expert Tips(Can Breastfeeding Protect Against RSV?)
If your baby already has RSV, feeding can be difficult due to congestion. Dr. Madden recommends:
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Feed more often: Short, frequent feeds prevent dehydration.
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Provide comfort: Extra holding and skin-to-skin contact help calm sick babies.
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Use saline and suction: Clear nasal passages before feeds.
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Steam and humidifiers: Moist air eases nighttime breathing.
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Take care of yourself: Stay hydrated and rested to maintain milk supply.
Bottom Line
Breastfeeding offers immune protection that may reduce the severity of RSV in babies, but it should be combined with other preventive measures. Talk to your pediatrician about RSV vaccines, safe feeding practices, and infection prevention to keep your infant healthy.
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